The sludge was characterized according to ABNT NBR /, following the procedures for obtaining leached extract (ABNT NBR /), to classify . Brazilian Association of Technical Norms, in ABNT NBR Procedure for obtention leaching extract of solid wastes (Rio de Janeiro, ), p. 16 8. Brazilian Association of Technical Regulation. Procedures for obtainment of leaching extract from solid residues. Rio de Janeiro: ABNT (NBR ).
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Study for vitreous waste recovery in the formulation of heavy clay ceramics
Spectroscopy indicated the presence of heavy metals in amounts greater than the maximum limit set by standards. Environmental Engineering Lead hazard evaluation for cathode ray tube monitors in Brazil. Effect abbnt grog addition on the technological properties of ceramic.
nbg Introduction Preoccupation with environmental impacts related to the lack of adequate solutions for industrial residuals has stimulated researchers to seek feasible uses for these residuals in the production of material for civil construction. Table 2 shows the chemical composition of the raw materials obtained by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry FRXwhere it is possible to verify the predominance of silica SiO 2 and alumina Al 2 O 3 in all samples.
Mainly because it contains significant quantities of heavy metals lead and cadmium and considerable proportions of aluminum. The chemical analysis of the solution was performed in an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
This segment which mainly produces perforated bricks, solid bricks, slab components, hollow and structural blocks, tiles, shackles and rustic floors.
For a water or sewage treatment system be regarded as effective, it is required that final disposal of sludge is performed properly, since it has environment harmful elements in its composition, such as heavy metals, pathogenic microorganisms and organic pollutants.
Electrical and Electronic Equipment EEE is – but is not limited to – equipment which is abht on electric currents or electromagnetic fields in order agnt work properly. Characteristics of fired bricks with co—combustion fly ashes. Due to this fact, water turbidity and color changes, resulting in increasing levels of aluminum sulphate and sludge generation.
The lead content varies according agnt the manufacturer, but the average concentrations have been published in several works Table 1. In this scenario, the use of this waste in paving processes is a promising alternative for disposal thereof.
This result occurs because many industries discharge effluents into public sewer irregularly and unmanageably, increasing the concentration of these elements. Ten samples were pressed for each formulation in a total of 60 samples at a pressure of 5 tons.
The water and sewage treatment plants are largely responsible for environmental damages due to the amount and toxicity of the waste produced in sludge form. Click here to submit your manuscript However, given that the sample was glass, the XRF equipment assumes the atoms are in their most oxidized state – resulting in the chemical compounds shown in Table 4.
In order to make sure the monitor samples used in this work had similar lead distribution to the ones from previous studies Table 1the three milled glass parts were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence XRF using an Axios Advanced PANalytical, Almelo, Netherlands.
This favors the formation of liquid phase in the hbr process. September 26, ; Accepted: Lead Hazard Evaluation Seven CRTs monitors were submitted to the Brazilian standard leaching procedure to evaluate their hazard potential. Is very important in generating income in the Abng industrial sector. The glass has three components: The sample showed high silica content and significant amounts of Al 2 O 3 and Fe 2 O 3with red loss of According to Figure 3the loss of ignition of the standard mass and of the formulations was coherent, since they presented values between 5.
Rotator for non volatile substances TE-743
Effect on aesthetic quality and physical properties. Sludge production and composition vary with season and daytime. Mechanical testing Compression tests were performed through tests of California bearing ratio CBR and Resilience Modulus RM to assess potential use of the residue in base and sub-base paving.
Tables 3 and 4 display the chemical constituents found in leachates and extract solutions analyzed bnr atomic absorption spectroscopy.
Lead hazard evaluation for cathode ray tube monitors in Brazil
The obtained results encouraged a study regarding the hazard potential of CRT monitors. Hence, in the coming years, the amount of sludge produced every day tends to increase due to the implementation of new service stations. Improper WEEE handling and recycling may lead to health problems as these equipment contain harmful substances such as toxic metals and flame retardants Lecler et al.
The results were obtained from the arithmetic averages of three replicates with their respective standard deviations.