Groundnut rosette disease (GRD), caused by a complex of three agents: groundnut rosette assistor luteovirus, groundnut rosette umbravirus. It depends on groundnut rosette assistor virus (GRAV; Luteoviridae) for encapsidation in GRAV coat protein and for transmission by Aphis craccivora in the. SUMMARY: Groundnut rosette disease is the most important disease of groundnuts of sub-. Saharan Africa. Epidemics occur without warning. It is caused by a.
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Several of these varieties had excellent performance in farmer participatory on-farm verification in Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, and Uganda.
Groundnut Rosette Disease
This plant was infected early and will not produce any yield. Rosette is the most destructive disease of groundnut in Africa. It is transmitted between plants by insect vectors such as the groundnut aphid Aphis craccivora. Knowledge Bank home Change location.
Yellow Rosette Virus, no yield will come from the infected plant right. Components of integrated management of rosette using high-yielding rosette-resistant varieties ICGV-SM and ICG and cultural practices such as early sowing at optimum plant densities have been investigated.
The disease is epidemic in nature and there is a seasonal cycle of infection, but the origins of this virus are unknown. PDF Add to factsheet booklet. The sources of resistance from West Africa have extensively been used and several long-duration, high-yielding breeding lines with resistance to rosette have been developed for evaluation and utilization by the National Agricultural Research Systems in the region. There is a yellowing or mottling of the foliage.
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A breeding programme has been established in Malawi focussing on disease resistance, early maturity and high yield. Spray whole plant with insecticides, such as dimethoate, 14 days after emergence usually 5mls per 2 litres of water but read the label for instructions and then at day intervals for a total of four sprays.
Close Find out more. For erect types Serenut-4T plant one and a half feet between rows and half a foot between plants along the row. The sources of resistance identified in global germplasm need to be characterized based grooundnut DNA profile and using molecular markers. For example, the rosette epidemic in in central Malawi and eastern Zambia destroyed the crop to such an extent that the total area of groundnut grown in Malawi fell from 92, ha in to 65, ha in More recently it has been cultivated in other parts of the world and is an important subsistence crop in Sub-Saharan Africa.
It is spread by aphids feeding on the crop. Virus resistant varieties of groundnut have been discovered but mostly have a long rosefte period five to six months rather than three to four for other varieties and may therefore be more susceptible to drought.
MANAGEMENT OF GROUNDNUT ROSETTE: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE
Resistant varieties exist such as Serenuts series and Igola 1. The main vector for groundnut rosette virus is the groundnut aphid Aphis craccivora. The groundnut aphid, Aphis craccivorais the principal vector of the disease. There is no control for the virus once a plant is infected but control of the aphids will prevent further spread. Continuing to use www. Inheritance grounddnut rosette resistance in groundnut was grooundnut.
The chlorotic and green types are caused by two variants of the satellite RNA while the mosaic type is caused by infection with a mixture of both variants. The disease is caused by a complex of three agents: To date, diseawe 12, germplasm lines have been screened and in excess long-duration virginia types and 20 short-duration Spanish types with resistance to rosette have been identified. Resistance to rosette was identified for the first time grounenut Asian and South American land races.
The recommendations in this factsheet are relevant to: Sensitive and specific methods to detect the three components of rosette disease have been developed.
Retrieved from ” https: However, smallholder farmers in Africa for a number of reasons, seldom adopted these practices.
Groundnut Rosette Disease | Plantwise
Created in Uganda August Views Read Edit View history. The disease is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and its off-shore islands, including Madagascar.
This page was last edited on 22 Marchat The groundnut Arachis hypogaea originated ggroundnut South America where it has long been domesticated. InICRISAT-Lilongwe launched a program on screening of global germplasm for resistance against rosette in order to diversify the genetic grundnut of rosette resistance. Cultural practices such as early sowing at optimal plant densities are known to reduce the disease incidence.
Groundnut rosette virus disease is a very serious disease of groundnuts in Uganda.
When using a pesticide, always wear protective clothing and follow the diseawe on the product label, such as dosage, timing of application, and pre-harvest interval. Hence, there is a need to understand the factors that influence visease disease outbreaks such as off-season survival of rosette viruses, the relative importance of primary and secondary spread, feeding behavior and transmission efficiency of vector, influence of climatic conditions on vector build-up and dispersal.
In Africa, the groundnut aphid feeds on as many as different species of plant, many of them in the Fabaceae family, and the groundnut rosette virus is presumed to have originated among these.
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In spite rosettf several achievements made in the past, development of short-duration groundnut varieties with resistance to rosette remained as a challenge to ICRISAT for a long time. The virus can spread rapidly through a crop. ICRISAT scientists developed a simple and effective field screening technique to evaluate germplasm and breeding lines for resistance to rosette.
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